Knowledge Library

Greek Studies

The language of the New Testament, as ordinary people actually spoke it.

Scripture first

John 1:14 · 2 Timothy 3:16-17

The Word became flesh and dwelt among us. God spoke the New Testament in the common Greek of the marketplace, not a sacred dialect, and that ordinariness is part of the message.

What this shelf holds

  • New Testament vocabulary, tense and mood: what an aorist is doing, why a perfect matters, how a preposition changes a claim.
  • The Septuagint background, where the Greek Old Testament had already given many of these words their weight.

How to use it

  • Check how the Septuagint used the word before asking what a classical author meant by it. The apostles read their Bible in Greek.
  • Let grammar serve the argument of the paragraph. A tense is evidence, not a sermon.

What this cannot settle

Grammar rarely settles a theological dispute on its own. Where two orthodox readings both fit the Greek, say so rather than claiming the language decides.

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9 entries on these shelves

Reference works

Each of these is named so you can open it and check us. Each carries what it is good for and what it cannot decide.

Every entry below is labelled with the kind of evidence it is, so a lexicon is never mistaken for the text and a commentary is never mistaken for a conclusion Scripture has drawn.

  • A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament

    Original languageSupports the text, never settles it · Joseph Henry Thayer, 1889 · Public domain

    New Testament Greek vocabulary with classical and Septuagint usage noted.

    Use forTracing how a Greek word was used before the New Testament reached for it.

    CautionWritten before the papyri showed how ordinary first century Greek actually sounded, so some entries read the vocabulary as more literary than it was.

  • Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible

    Biblical cross-referencesSupports the text, never settles it · James Strong, 1890 · Public domain

    Every word of the King James text indexed, each keyed by number to a Hebrew, Aramaic or Greek entry.

    Use forFinding every occurrence of an original word and following it across the canon.

    CautionThe numbered glosses are the briefest possible summary, not a definition. A word's meaning in one verse is set by that verse, not by the whole range Strong lists.

  • Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible

    Biblical cross-referencesSupports the text, never settles it · Robert Young, 1879 · Public domain

    English words sorted by which original word lies behind them.

    Use forSeeing where one English word translates several different Hebrew or Greek words.

    CautionKeyed to the King James Version, so the English entries will not always match the translation you are reading.

Entries on this shelf

Audela's own entries for this kind of study. Each one is taught from the passages that use it and links into the chapter studies, topics and questions that go furthest with it.

  • Eternal Life

    ScriptureFinal authority · Written and reviewed by Audela against the passages it cites · Nothing here rests on evidence outside the Bible

    The unending life of the age to come, known now through Christ

  • Faith

    ScriptureFinal authority · Written and reviewed by Audela against the passages it cites · Nothing here rests on evidence outside the Bible

    Trust in God's character and word, shown by resting on it

  • Grace

    ScriptureFinal authority · Written and reviewed by Audela against the passages it cites · Nothing here rests on evidence outside the Bible

    God's undeserved favour, given freely in Christ

  • Repentance

    ScriptureFinal authority · Written and reviewed by Audela against the passages it cites · Nothing here rests on evidence outside the Bible

    A change of mind and direction, turning from sin to God

  • Righteousness

    ScriptureFinal authority · Written and reviewed by Audela against the passages it cites · Nothing here rests on evidence outside the Bible

    Being right with God, and living rightly before him

Back to Scripture

The order of authority

Scripture · Biblical cross references · Original Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek · Historical, cultural, geographical and archaeological background · Trusted biblical reference works · Explanation and application

Read how Audela weighs each rung

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