Bible Questions

Jesus Christ

What does it mean to follow Jesus?

Loading Luke 9:23-24

In the Gospels following Jesus begins with his call, not with our decision to improve. It means going where he goes, learning from him, remaining in his word, loving as he loved, and denying yourself daily rather than adding him to the life you already had. He states the cost openly, including family, possessions and your own life, and in the same Gospels he offers rest, a light burden and his own presence. Following is not a mood; it is a direction, and it is walked one day at a time.

01

God's answer first

Three passages: the terms he sets, a call he actually issued, and how he describes those who follow him. Read them before any application.

The passage that answers this

Loading Luke 9:23-24

He said to all, not to the twelve only. Three verbs are given in order: deny, take up, follow. Luke adds the word daily in this account, which makes it ordinary rather than heroic.

Read these with it

Loading Mark 1:16-18

The initiative is his. He sees, he calls, he promises to make them something. Their part is to leave the nets, and the text records it as immediate.

Loading John 10:27

Following is described as the mark of belonging rather than as the price of it. Hearing, being known, and following are held in one sentence, in that order.

Everything below flows out of these words. Read them first, then let the study explain them.

02

Why we ask this

Follow Jesus is a phrase everyone in church has heard and few have had explained from the passages where he says it.

Some have been told it means trying hard to be good, which is a heavier and lonelier thing than what Jesus actually describes.

Others have heard only the cost, , and have never been shown the rest offered in . Both are his words and both belong in the answer.

03

Historical context

Written by
Luke, and the Gospel writers generally
Written to
readers in a world where rabbis had disciples who literally walked with them
Written because
Jesus calling followers on the road, at work and in crowds, throughout his ministry

A disciple in that world did not enrol in a course. He attached himself to a teacher, walked where the teacher walked and imitated his life. That is the picture behind the word, and it explains why Jesus calls people to himself rather than to a set of ideas.

Usually a student chose his rabbi. In the Gospels the pattern is reversed: Jesus says you didn’t choose me, but I chose you, , and the calls in and are all his initiative.

Take up his cross was not a figure of speech to people under Roman rule. They had seen condemned men carry the crossbeam to their own execution. The phrase named a public, shameful death, which is why uses it as a test of seriousness.

04

Verse by verse

Loading Luke 9:23-24

Deny himself is not self-hatred; it is the refusal to be your own final authority. Verse 24 gives the logic: the life clutched is lost, the life released is . Nothing here is presented as loss for its own sake.

Loading Mark 1:16-18

I will make you into is a promise about who they will become. Following in the Gospels is a process of being formed, not a status achieved at the moment of agreement.

Loading John 8:31-32

Spoken to people who had , which is the point. Remain is the test he gives, and remaining is located in his word. Knowing the truth follows staying rather than preceding it.

Loading Luke 14:26-27

The language is deliberately shocking and it is comparative, as states it: whoever loves father or mother more than me. The same Jesus commands honouring parents, , and provides for his mother from , .

Loading Luke 14:33

This follows two parables about counting the cost, . He is not recruiting by minimising. Renounce is a word of release of ownership, and the disciples in are described as holding possessions loosely rather than as destitute.

Loading Matthew 11:28-30

A yoke is what a learner wore under a teacher, so this is a description of discipleship, not of retirement. The reason given for coming is his own character: gentle and humble in heart.

Loading John 13:34-35

The visible mark he names is not knowledge or intensity but love among his followers. Just as I have loved you sets the standard, and has just shown what that looked like with a towel and a basin.

05

What Scripture says

He calls; the follower answers

Come after me, and I will make you into fishers for men. says you didn’t choose me, but I chose you. Every call in the Gospels begins with him, which is why following is never presented as self-improvement.

It is daily and specific, not once and abstract

Take up his cross daily. speaks of a living and a renewed mind, and of walking by the Spirit. Scripture pictures a walk, which means steps.

It costs, and he says so before you begin

Count the cost, like a man building a tower. warns of hatred, and says all who to live godly in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution. He never hid the bill.

It is not lonely and not unaided

I am with you always, even to the end of the age. promises the Spirit, and quotes I will in no way leave you. The yoke is shared, .

It shows in obedience and in love

If you love me, keep my commandments. makes love among his followers the public mark, and says whoever says he remains in him ought to walk as he walked.

It is sustained by remaining, not by intensity

Remain in me, and I in you. Apart from me you can do nothing. locates remaining in his word. Fruit in this chapter comes from connection, not from effort applied harder.

Failure does not end it

Peter is restored and recommissioned after denying him. promises cleansing on confession, and says a man falls seven times and rises again.

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The words behind the question

akoloutheō

Greek: to follow, to accompany, to go the same way

It is a word of physical company before it is a word of allegiance. In the Gospels it describes people literally walking behind him, which is why the New Testament's language for Christian life is walking, and .

mathētēs

Greek: disciple, learner, apprentice

Not a convert or a member, but a learner attached to a teacher. It explains , learn from me, and , make disciples, which is followed immediately by teaching them to observe all things.

07

Cross references

The call itself

  • Fishermen called at work, and the nets left.

  • Levi called at the tax booth, and everything left.

  • Jesus finds Philip and says, Follow me.

The terms he sets

  • Deny yourself, take up your cross daily, follow.

  • Count the cost, twice illustrated.

  • Loving him more than family, and finding life by losing it.

What he gives the follower

  • Rest for the soul, a yoke that is easy.

  • Known by name, and no one snatches them out of his hand.

  • Another Helper, who remains.

How it shows

  • Love for one another as the public mark.

  • Remaining, and fruit that follows.

  • Keeping his word, and walking as he walked.

08

Common misunderstandings

Following Jesus means trying hard to be a good person.

Effort is not the engine in the Gospels. says apart from me you can do nothing, and puts good works after rather than before it. Following is attachment to a person that produces obedience, not obedience hoping to earn attachment.

It is a private matter between me and God.

The mark he names is love for one another, , which requires others. warns against forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, and every letter in the New Testament is written to a community.

It only means believing the right things about him.

says even the demons and shudder. Jesus asks why do you call me Lord, Lord, and don’t do the things which I say, . Belief is essential and is never described as sufficient by itself.

Real followers must sell everything and leave their families.

Some were called to leave homes, and others were not. Jesus told the healed man in to go home to his friends, Zacchaeus gave away half rather than all, , and requires providing for your own household. requires releasing ownership, and Scripture applies it differently to different people.

If it is hard, you are doing it wrong.

He said take up your cross, , and in the world you have oppression, . He also said the yoke is easy, . Both are his words: the burden is light because he carries it with you, not because nothing is asked.

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Things most readers miss

Luke adds the word daily.

. Mark and Matthew record the same saying without it. Daily turns from a single dramatic decision into a repeated ordinary one.

He promises to make them, not only to use them.

, I will make you into fishers for men. The formation is his work, which is why can speak of him completing what he began.

The hardest terms are followed by two parables about planning.

, a tower and a war. He wants people to reckon the cost before they start, which is the opposite of pressured recruitment.

Follow me is the last thing he says to Peter.

and 21:22. After the denial, after the restoration, after being told how he would die, the instruction is the same as it was by the lake.

The yoke language means learning.

, take my yoke upon you, and learn from me. Rest and instruction are offered in the same sentence, which is not how most people hear that verse.

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Someone in Scripture faced this too

The Gospels record people who followed, people who hesitated, and one man who walked away. All three are instructive.

Levi at the tax booth

What he or she went through

He was working as a tax collector, in a job that made him money and made him hated.

How God responded

Jesus said to him, Follow me. He left everything, and rose up and followed him.

What we learn

The call came to a man nobody would have chosen, and it came at work. The next thing Levi does is throw a party for his old colleagues, , so following did not mean abandoning the people he came from.

The rich young ruler

What he or she went through

He asked what he must do to inherit and could point to a life of kept commandments.

How God responded

Jesus looked at him and loved him, then named the one thing he was holding: his possessions. He went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions.

What we learn

The text says Jesus loved him and still did not lower the terms. It also names a specific obstacle rather than a general one, which is how the call usually comes.

Peter after his denial

What he or she went through

He had followed for years, promised he would die rather than deny him, and denied him three times.

How God responded

Jesus asked him three times whether he loved him, gave him work to do, told him plainly how he would die, and said, Follow me.

What we learn

Following is not cancelled by failure. It is restored by the one who called, and the restoration comes with a task rather than only with comfort.

How it points to Christ

The one who says follow me is the one who has already gone to ahead of him. He asks nothing he has not walked.

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Christ and this question

He walked the road before he called anyone onto it

Every term he sets he has met. Take up your cross is said by the one who carried his own, . Lose your life for my sake is said by the one who laid his down, .

calls him the author and perfecter of faith, who for the joy set before him endured . Following is not walking a path he watched from a distance.

puts both halves together: Christ also suffered for us, leaving you an example, that you should follow his steps. He is the ground of it and the pattern of it, in that order.

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What to do with this

Read one Gospel watching only for the word follow

Mark is short enough. Note who is called, where, and what they left. You will learn more about following from the calls themselves than from advice about them.

Name the one thing he is asking of you

. The call to the rich young ruler was specific. Ask honestly what your equivalent is, and write it down rather than keeping it vague.

Put the daily back into daily

. Choose one concrete, repeatable thing for tomorrow: time in Scripture, a debt paid, a conversation you have been avoiding, an obedience you already know about.

Remain, rather than resolve harder

and . Fix a place and time in his word and keep going back. Following is sustained by connection, which is why remaining is his own word for it.

Do it with others

and . Find at least one person who will read Scripture with you and ask you honest questions. The mark he named cannot be practised alone.

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Study the question further

How do I start following Jesus?

Scripture puts it simply: turn from sin, trust Christ as the Lord, and begin obeying him openly among his people. It is a response to him rather than a programme you complete.

  1. Repent, and believe in the good news.

  2. Confess Jesus as Lord and believe God raised him from the dead.

  3. Baptised, and continuing in teaching, fellowship, breaking of bread and prayers.

Do I have to give up everything to follow Jesus?

You have to hand everything over. Whether he then asks you to part with a particular thing varies, and Scripture shows both patterns without treating one as the higher class of Christian.

Ownership released

Whoever doesn’t renounce all that he has can’t be my disciple, .

Sometimes literally

The rich young ruler was told to sell what he had, .

Sometimes not

The healed man was sent home, , and Zacchaeus gave half, .

What if I keep failing?

Failure is assumed in the New Testament and answered by confession and restoration, not by starting again from nothing. The one who calls you knows exactly what you are.

  1. Peter restored after denial, and recommissioned.

  2. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous to forgive.

  3. He who began a good work in you will complete it.

Is following Jesus the same as being religious or going to church?

No. Jesus rebuked religious activity without love and obedience, and he also placed his followers in a community. Gathering matters because following is shared, not because attendance is the substance.

  1. Careful religion with justice, mercy and faith left out.

  2. Why do you call me Lord and not do what I say.

  3. Not forsaking our own assembling together.

What is the difference between believing in Jesus and following him?

Scripture does not separate them into two levels, but it does describe belief that keeps going. Remaining in his word is the test he gives to people who had already .

  1. If you remain in my word, then you are truly my disciples.

  2. Faith apart from works is dead.

  3. We know that we know him if we keep his commandments.

How to apply this today

  • What is the one thing I am currently keeping back from him?
  • What would taking up the cross daily look like tomorrow, concretely?

Lord Jesus, you called ordinary people and made them yours. Call me again today, and give me the will to leave what needs leaving.

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Reflection

  • Read Luke 9:23-24. What does deny himself mean in the light of verse 24, and what does daily add?
  • Read Luke 14:25-33. Why does Jesus tell two stories about counting cost immediately after naming the hardest terms?
  • Read Matthew 11:28-30 beside Luke 9:23. How do rest and a cross belong to the same call?

15

Prayer

Lord Jesus, you called fishermen from their nets and a tax collector from his table, and they went.

I want to follow you, and I know myself well enough to say that I will need you to make me into someone who can.

Show me the one thing I am holding, and give me to let it go today. I take up what you have given me to carry, and I come after you. Amen.

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Further reading

  • The call in its own context, right after Peter's confession.

  • The cost stated, and two parables about counting it.

  • Remaining, fruit, love and being chosen.

  • Restoration, commission, and follow me said again.

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Explore the passage

These are questions the text can actually answer. Take one, go back to the passage with it, and read until Scripture answers rather than until you have an explanation you like. Each question names where this study, or another passage, does the answering.

What this reveals about God

Start here, because every passage of Scripture is first about God before it is about us. Read for what He does, what He says, and what He is called.

  • What does these passages teach about God?

    Underline every verb God is the subject of. What He does tells you who He is.

    What God says first

  • What does these passages reveal about God's character?

    Look for the words the text itself uses of Him: holy, merciful, faithful, jealous, patient. Take the text's own vocabulary rather than your own.

    The biblical case

What this reveals about us

Scripture is honest about people. Read for what it says of human need, human failure, and the kind of response it calls for.

  • What does these passages teach about humanity?

    Watch what the people in the text want, fear, and trust. Scripture rarely flatters them.

    Why we ask this

  • What does these passages reveal about faith?

    Faith in Scripture is always faith in someone, about something specific. Ask what exactly is being believed here, and on what word.

    Someone in Scripture faced this too

Where this arrives in Christ

Jesus said the Scriptures testify of Him. Follow the line the Bible itself draws rather than inventing one.

The world behind the words

The first readers knew things we have to learn. Recovering what they knew is study, not speculation.

  • How would the original audience have understood these passages?

    Ask what they had already been told, what they were living through, and what this would have cost them to believe.

    Who first received this

  • What historical or cultural background helps explain these passages?

    Look at the work, the worship, the law and the customs the text assumes you already understand.

    The setting behind the answer

  • What do these words carry in the original: akoloutheō, mathētēs?

    Take the word to its root, its first appearance, and its range of use. Then let the context choose the meaning.

    The words in Hebrew and Greek

How this connects to the rest of Scripture

Scripture is its own best commentary. The clearest answers usually come from another passage rather than from a scholar.

  • Which Old and New Testament passages help explain these passages?

    Prefer passages that quote or clearly echo this text. Those links are the Bible's own, not ours.

    Where else Scripture speaks

  • What biblical themes are developed in these passages, and where do they begin?

    Trace one theme backwards to where Scripture first raises it, then forwards to where it lands.

    Things most readers miss

What this asks of you

Application is the last step, never the first, and it must come out of the passage rather than out of general advice.

  • What does these passages teach believers to do today?

    Say it as one sentence you could obey this week, and be able to point at the verse it came from.

    What to do with this

Where faithful readers differ

Some questions here are genuinely open. Where Bible believing Christians read this differently, the readings are set out with the passages behind each one, and what Scripture states plainly is kept separate from what is interpretation.

  • Which parts of these passages does Scripture state plainly, and which parts are interpretation?

    Write two lists. Anything you cannot put in the first list, hold loosely and say so when you teach it.

    Answers that fall short

Questions Audela will not answer

Where Scripture does not answer a question, Audela says so plainly rather than filling the silence. An honest “the Bible does not tell us” is more faithful than a confident guess, and it keeps the reader’s trust in God’s Word rather than in our reasoning.

The secret things belong unto the LORD our God: but those things which are revealed belong unto us and to our children for ever.

(KJV)
Not: Why did God choose this?
Ask instead: What does the passage say God did, and what does that reveal about His character?
Not: What was God thinking?
Ask instead: What has God told us about His purpose here, in this text or elsewhere in Scripture?
Not: Why didn’t God do it differently?
Ask instead: What does Scripture say about how God acts, and where does it say it?
Not: What would have happened if God had done something else?
Ask instead: What happened, and what does the rest of Scripture make of it?

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Study tools

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Where this leads

A question is a doorway, not a destination. Here is where this one leads if you want to keep reading rather than stop at an answer.

  1. Topic hub

    Study this theme across the whole Bible

  2. Primary study

    Romans 8: No Condemnation, No Separation

    Romans 8 describes the life a follower actually lives: led by the Spirit, adopted, groaning, praying, and held by a love nothing can break.

  3. Supporting studies

    • Read the terms in their own setting.

    • Read the cost and the counting of it.

    • Read how following is sustained.

  4. Deep chapter studies

Your notes

What you want to remember

Write what struck you in What does it mean to follow Jesus?. Notes print with the study, and follow your account once you sign in.

This question belongs to a reading path

  • Who Jesus is, in Scripture's own order

    Readers searching who Jesus is, whether he is God, why he is called the Son of God, why he came, why he died, whether he rose, and what following him actually involves.

Study the themes behind this question

Related Bible chapters

The answer above came from these chapters. Read them whole, and the answer stops being something you were told and becomes something you have seen.

  • Luke 9

    The chapter this answer was drawn from.

  • Mark 1

    The initiative is his. He sees, he calls, he promises to make them something. Their part is to leave the nets, and the text records it as immediate.

  • John 10

    Following is described as the mark of belonging rather than as the price of it. Hearing, being known, and following are held in one sentence, in that order.

  • John 15: The Vine, the Branches, and the Friends of God

    Abiding, fruit, love, and the world's hatred, on the road to Gethsemane

Next question

Who is Jesus?

Scripture introduces Jesus of Nazareth as a real man in real history who is also the eternal Word through whom everything was made. He is the promised Christ of Israel, the Son of God, crucified under Pontius Pilate, raised on the third day, and now confessed as Lord. The Bible never presents him only as a teacher, and it never lets him remain a private opinion. It records him asking his own followers the question and waiting for their answer.

Related questions

Community discussion

Bring one passage where Jesus calls someone, and say what that person left and what they were promised.

  • Read Luke 9:23-24. What is the difference between denying yourself and simply going without things?
  • Read Mark 10:17-22. Why do you think Jesus named possessions specifically for this man?
  • Read John 13:34-35. Why would love among his followers be the mark he chose for the world to see?

Study together

Questions on Luke 9

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